CHANGELOG.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ backfill releases from before this changelog.
 - Enter a rated TBW from the dashboard with `b`, saved as an unverified override, so the lifespan appears without the CLI.
 - Jump to the first or last point with Home and End on every graph, and a week at a time with PgUp and PgDn in the Day and History views.
 - Move through graph points with the mouse wheel, focus any panel by clicking it, and click the footer and activity tool chips to run their actions.
+- Open a Diagnostics panel with `i`: the decoded critical warning, power-on hours, power cycles, unsafe shutdowns, media errors and available spare with their change over the selection, plus hourly or daily temperature, active/idle/powered-off/unknown split and coverage. History bars draw reads beside writes while it is open, and a set critical warning shows as a badge in the endurance outlook.
 
 ### Changed
 

README.md

@@ -275,6 +275,13 @@ UTC-only summaries cannot establish exact local-day totals.
   `PgUp` / `PgDn` jump a week in Day and History (the live window is three
   hours); the mouse wheel moves the selection too. `w`
   switches read/write volume in every view.
+- `i` swaps the Drive pane for a Diagnostics panel built from the stored
+  evidence: the decoded `critical_warning`, power-on hours, power cycles,
+  unsafe shutdowns, media errors and available spare with their change over the
+  selection, and per-hour (Day) or per-day (History) temperature min/avg/max,
+  active / idle / powered-off / unknown split and coverage. History bars then
+  draw reads beside writes. A set `critical_warning` also shows as a badge in
+  the endurance outlook; it never changes the projection.
 - `[` / `]` browse dates, `g` enters a date, and `t` returns to today/live.
 - `Tab` / `Shift+Tab` move focus between panels (clicking a panel focuses it);
   `z` expands the focused panel, and `z` or `Esc` restores it. Monitoring status and controls remain visible.

src/fenris/activity_plot.py

@@ -21,13 +21,19 @@ class VolumePoint:
 def volume_plot(
     points: Sequence[VolumePoint], width: int, height: int,
     selected: int, colors: Mapping[str, str],
+    secondary: Sequence[VolumePoint] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[Text, list[int], str]:
-    """Render bounded axes and a dotted trace, without resampling evidence."""
+    """Render bounded axes and a dotted trace, without resampling evidence.
+
+    *secondary* is a second series over the same time axis (reads beside
+    writes); it shares the volume scale and draws in its own colour.
+    """
     width, height = max(12, width), max(4, height)
     axis_width = 8
     columns, rows = width - axis_width, height - 2
     pixel_width, pixel_height = columns * 2, rows * 4
-    maximum = max((p.volume or 0 for p in points), default=0)
+    maximum = max(
+        (p.volume or 0 for p in (*points, *(secondary or ()))), default=0)
     scale, unit = (1e12, "TB") if maximum >= 1e12 else (
         (1e9, "GB") if maximum >= 1e9 else
         (1e6, "MB") if maximum >= 1e6 else
@@ -39,11 +45,16 @@ def volume_plot(
     xs = [round((p.time - start) / span * (pixel_width - 1)) if span else 0
           for p in points]
     cells = [[0] * columns for _ in range(rows)]
+    second = [[0] * columns for _ in range(rows)]
     # Unicode braille dot numbering, indexed by y within cell and then x.
     bits = ((1, 8), (2, 16), (4, 32), (64, 128))
 
-    def dot(x: int, y: int) -> None:
+    def dot(x: int, y: int, grid: list[list[int]] = cells) -> None:
-        cells[y // 4][x // 2] |= bits[y % 4][x % 2]
+        grid[y // 4][x // 2] |= bits[y % 4][x % 2]
+
+    def y_of(volume: int) -> int:
+        y = round((1 - volume / ceiling) * (pixel_height - 1))
+        return min(pixel_height - 1, max(0, y))
 
     previous = None
     markers = {}
@@ -53,8 +64,7 @@ def volume_plot(
             if point.state != "future":
                 markers[x // 2] = "?"
             continue
-        y = round((1 - point.volume / ceiling) * (pixel_height - 1))
+        y = y_of(point.volume)
-        y = min(pixel_height - 1, max(0, y))
         if previous is not None and point.state == "measured":
             px, py = previous
             steps = max(abs(x - px), abs(y - py), 1)
@@ -68,6 +78,21 @@ def volume_plot(
         elif point.volume == 0:
             markers.setdefault(x // 2, "·")
 
+    previous = None
+    for point, x in zip(secondary or (), xs):
+        if point.volume is None:
+            previous = None
+            continue
+        y = y_of(point.volume)
+        if previous is not None and point.state == "measured":
+            px, py = previous
+            steps = max(abs(x - px), abs(y - py), 1)
+            for step in range(steps + 1):
+                dot(round(px + (x - px) * step / steps),
+                    round(py + (y - py) * step / steps), second)
+        dot(x, y, second)
+        previous = (x, y) if point.state == "measured" else None
+
     selected_column = xs[selected] // 2 if 0 <= selected < len(xs) else -1
     result = Text(no_wrap=True, overflow="crop")
     ticks = {0, rows // 2, rows - 1}
@@ -76,8 +101,10 @@ def volume_plot(
         label = f"{value:6.2f}"[-6:] if row in ticks else "      "
         result.append(label + " │", style=colors["muted"])
         for col, value in enumerate(values):
-            char = chr(0x2800 + value) if value else " "
+            extra = second[row][col]
-            style = colors["allocated"]
+            char = chr(0x2800 + (value | extra)) if value | extra else " "
+            style = colors["allocated"] if value or not extra else colors["secondary"]
+            value |= extra
             if col == selected_column:
                 style = "bold " + colors["selection"]
                 if not value:

src/fenris/activity_readout.py

@@ -33,6 +33,26 @@ from .timefmt import (
 
 LIVE_WINDOW_H = 3  # Rolling window for the live graph
 
+# NVMe SMART critical warning bits (NVMe base specification, Get Log Page 02h).
+CRITICAL_WARNING_FLAGS = (
+    (0x01, "available spare below threshold"),
+    (0x02, "temperature outside threshold"),
+    (0x04, "reliability degraded"),
+    (0x08, "media in read-only mode"),
+    (0x10, "volatile memory backup failed"),
+    (0x20, "persistent memory region read-only"),
+)
+_KNOWN_WARNING_BITS = sum(bit for bit, _ in CRITICAL_WARNING_FLAGS)
+
+# Drive counters shown with their change over the selection.
+DIAGNOSTIC_COUNTERS = (
+    ("power_on_hours", "Power-on hours", ""),
+    ("power_cycles", "Power cycles", ""),
+    ("unsafe_shutdowns", "Unsafe shutdowns", ""),
+    ("media_errors", "Media errors", ""),
+    ("available_spare", "Available spare", "%"),
+)
+
 LOCAL_ACTIVITY_STATE_LABELS = {
     "so_far": "totals so far",
     "incomplete": "incomplete",
@@ -55,6 +75,7 @@ class ActivityReadout:
     live: tuple[Dict[str, Any], ...]
     health: Dict[str, Any]
     local_day: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
+    diagnostics: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
 
 
 def readout(
@@ -68,18 +89,24 @@ def readout(
     hours: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
     if selection.view == "day" and selection.browse_date is not None:
         hours = _query_local_hourly_graph_data(conn, local_day, now)
+    days = tuple(_query_local_day_graph_data(
+        conn, now, zone_name, selected_date=selection.browse_date,
+    ))
+    health = _query_drive_health(conn)
     return ActivityReadout(
         view=selection.view,
         timezone_name=zone_name,
         timezone_label=tz_label(now, zone_name),
         local_date=local_date,
-        days=tuple(_query_local_day_graph_data(
+        days=days,
-            conn, now, zone_name, selected_date=selection.browse_date,
-        )),
         hours=tuple(hours),
         live=tuple(_query_live_graph_data(conn, now, zone_name)),
-        health=_query_drive_health(conn),
+        health=health,
         local_day=local_day,
+        diagnostics=(
+            _query_diagnostics(conn, selection, now, local_day, days, health)
+            if selection.diagnostics else None
+        ),
     )
 
 
@@ -234,7 +261,8 @@ def _query_local_hourly_graph_data(
     rows = conn.execute(
         "SELECT hour, bytes_written_delta, bytes_read_delta, coverage, "
         "sample_count, unknown_seconds, active_seconds, idle_seconds, "
-        "powered_off_seconds, temperature_min, temperature_max "
+        "powered_off_seconds, temperature_min, temperature_max, "
+        "temperature_avg "
         "FROM hour_observations WHERE hour >= ? AND hour <= ? ORDER BY hour",
         (first_hour.isoformat(), last_hour.isoformat()),
     ).fetchall()
@@ -251,7 +279,7 @@ def _query_local_hourly_graph_data(
         is_future = hour_start > current
         identity = hour_start.isoformat()
         active = idle = off = 0
-        temp_min = temp_max = None
+        temp_min = temp_avg = temp_max = None
         if row is None:
             written = read = coverage = sample_count = 0
             unknown_seconds = 0
@@ -263,7 +291,7 @@ def _query_local_hourly_graph_data(
             sample_count = row[4] or 0
             unknown_seconds = row[5] or 0
             active, idle, off = row[6] or 0, row[7] or 0, row[8] or 0
-            temp_min, temp_max = row[9], row[10]
+            temp_min, temp_max, temp_avg = row[9], row[10], row[11]
             is_gap = sample_count == 0 and unknown_seconds > 0
         result.append({
             "hour": identity,
@@ -280,6 +308,7 @@ def _query_local_hourly_graph_data(
             "powered_off_seconds": off,
             "unknown_seconds": unknown_seconds,
             "temperature_min": temp_min,
+            "temperature_avg": temp_avg,
             "temperature_max": temp_max,
             "is_zero": written == 0 and read == 0 and not is_gap,
             "is_gap": is_gap,
@@ -306,7 +335,7 @@ def _day_habit(conn: sqlite3.Connection, summary: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[Di
         "SELECT COUNT(*), COALESCE(SUM(active_seconds), 0), "
         "COALESCE(SUM(idle_seconds), 0), COALESCE(SUM(powered_off_seconds), 0), "
         "COALESCE(SUM(unknown_seconds), 0), MIN(temperature_min), "
-        "MAX(temperature_max) FROM hour_observations "
+        "MAX(temperature_max), AVG(temperature_avg) FROM hour_observations "
         "WHERE hour >= ? AND hour <= ?",
         (first_hour.isoformat(), (day_end - timedelta(hours=1)).isoformat()),
     ).fetchone()
@@ -319,6 +348,7 @@ def _day_habit(conn: sqlite3.Connection, summary: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[Di
         "unknown_seconds": row[4],
         "temperature_min": row[5],
         "temperature_max": row[6],
+        "temperature_avg": row[7],
     }
 
 
@@ -586,7 +616,7 @@ def _query_drive_health(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     cursor = conn.execute(
         "SELECT mn, sn, fr, temperature_c, available_spare, media_errors, "
         "power_on_hours, power_cycles, unsafe_shutdowns, capacity_bytes, "
-        "percentage_used, data_units_written "
+        "percentage_used, data_units_written, critical_warning "
         "FROM samples ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1"
     )
     row = cursor.fetchone()
@@ -602,6 +632,7 @@ def _query_drive_health(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> Dict[str, Any]:
             "capacity": "unknown",
             "percentage_used": 0,
             "written_tb": 0,
+            "critical_warning": 0,
         }
 
     capacity = row[9]
@@ -619,6 +650,124 @@ def _query_drive_health(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         "capacity": capacity_str,
         "percentage_used": row[10] or 0,
         "written_tb": written_tb,
+        "critical_warning": row[12] or 0,
+    }
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Diagnostics (issue #109)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def decode_critical_warning(value: int | None) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """Name each NVMe critical-warning bit that is set; reserved bits are flagged."""
+    value = value or 0
+    flags = [name for bit, name in CRITICAL_WARNING_FLAGS if value & bit]
+    if value & ~_KNOWN_WARNING_BITS:
+        flags.append("unrecognised bits 0x%02x" % (value & ~_KNOWN_WARNING_BITS))
+    return tuple(flags)
+
+
+def critical_warning_badge(health: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """Outlook badge for a set critical warning; empty when the drive reports none.
+
+    A drive-reported fact only (ADR 0005): it never changes the projection.
+    """
+    value = health.get("critical_warning") or 0
+    if not value:
+        return ""
+    return "[bold yellow]![/bold yellow] [bold]Drive reports critical warning 0x%02x[/bold] · %s" % (
+        value, ", ".join(decode_critical_warning(value)),
+    )
+
+
+def _counter_deltas(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection, start: datetime | None, end: datetime,
+) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Optional[int]]]:
+    """Latest counter values and their change across a window of raw samples.
+
+    The baseline is the last sample at or before *start*, else the first sample
+    inside the window; with fewer than two distinct samples, or across a
+    controller-segment change, there is no delta.
+    """
+    columns = ", ".join(key for key, _, _ in DIAGNOSTIC_COUNTERS)
+    columns += ", segment_id"
+    last = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, %s FROM samples WHERE ts <= ? ORDER BY ts DESC, id DESC "
+        "LIMIT 1" % columns, (end.isoformat(),),
+    ).fetchone()
+    first = None
+    if start is not None and last is not None:
+        first = conn.execute(
+            "SELECT id, %s FROM samples WHERE ts <= ? ORDER BY ts DESC, id DESC "
+            "LIMIT 1" % columns, (start.isoformat(),),
+        ).fetchone() or conn.execute(
+            "SELECT id, %s FROM samples WHERE ts > ? AND ts <= ? "
+            "ORDER BY ts, id LIMIT 1" % columns,
+            (start.isoformat(), end.isoformat()),
+        ).fetchone()
+    result: Dict[str, Dict[str, Optional[int]]] = {}
+    for offset, (key, _, _) in enumerate(DIAGNOSTIC_COUNTERS, start=1):
+        value = last[offset] if last is not None else None
+        delta = None
+        if first is not None and first[0] != last[0] and first[-1] == last[-1] and None not in (
+            value, first[offset],
+        ):
+            delta = value - first[offset]
+        result[key] = {"value": value, "delta": delta}
+    return result
+
+
+def _diagnostics_window(
+    selection: ActivitySelection,
+    now: datetime,
+    local_day: Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
+    days: tuple[Dict[str, Any], ...],
+) -> tuple[str, datetime | None, datetime]:
+    """Label and UTC bounds of what the selection covers."""
+    if selection.view == "live":
+        return "last %dh" % LIVE_WINDOW_H, now - timedelta(hours=LIVE_WINDOW_H), now
+    if selection.view == "day":
+        label = "day %s" % (selection.browse_date or "")
+        if local_day is None:
+            return label, None, now
+        end = min(_parse_ts(local_day["utc_end"]), now)
+        return label, _parse_ts(local_day["utc_start"]), end
+    start = next((
+        _parse_ts(day["identity"].utc_start)
+        for day in days if day["identity"] is not None
+    ), None)
+    return "last %d days" % selection.history_range_days, start, now
+
+
+def _query_diagnostics(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    selection: ActivitySelection,
+    now: datetime,
+    local_day: Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
+    days: tuple[Dict[str, Any], ...],
+    health: Dict[str, Any],
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Stored diagnostic evidence for the selection: warning, counters, habit."""
+    visible = days[-selection.history_range_days:]
+    label, start, end = _diagnostics_window(selection, now, local_day, visible)
+    warning = health["critical_warning"]
+    habit_days: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    if selection.view == "history":
+        for day in visible:
+            identity = day["identity"]
+            if identity is None:
+                continue
+            summary = query_local_day_summary(
+                conn, identity.local_date, identity.timezone, now)
+            habit = _day_habit(conn, summary) if summary is not None else None
+            if habit is not None:
+                habit_days.append(dict(habit, day=identity.local_date))
+    return {
+        "window_label": label,
+        "critical_warning": warning,
+        "critical_warning_flags": decode_critical_warning(warning),
+        "counters": _counter_deltas(conn, start, end),
+        "days": tuple(habit_days),
     }
 
 
@@ -792,3 +941,91 @@ def local_day_text(local_date: str, local: Dict[str, Any] | None) -> str:
             habit["temperature_min"], habit["temperature_max"],
         ))
     return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def _temperature_triplet(
+    low: float | None, avg: float | None, high: float | None,
+) -> str:
+    """Temperature as min/avg/max, or a plain note when none was recorded."""
+    if low is None or high is None:
+        return "no temp"
+    mid = "%d" % round(avg) if avg is not None else "-"
+    return "%d/%s/%d°C" % (low, mid, high)
+
+
+def _signed(delta: int) -> str:
+    """Counter change with an explicit sign; zero reads as no change."""
+    return "%+d" % delta if delta else "±0"
+
+
+def _hour_diagnostic_line(hour: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """One compact row: hour, temperature, state split in minutes, coverage."""
+    head = hour.get("local_label", "")
+    if hour.get("is_future"):
+        return "%s future" % head
+    if hour.get("is_gap"):
+        return "%s gap" % head
+    minutes = lambda key: (hour.get(key) or 0) // 60  # noqa: E731
+    return "%s %s A%dm I%dm Off%dm ?%dm %d%%" % (
+        head,
+        _temperature_triplet(
+            hour.get("temperature_min"), hour.get("temperature_avg"),
+            hour.get("temperature_max")),
+        minutes("active_seconds"), minutes("idle_seconds"),
+        minutes("powered_off_seconds"), minutes("unknown_seconds"),
+        hour.get("coverage", 0) * 100,
+    )
+
+
+def _day_diagnostic_line(day: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """One compact row: day, state split, temperature."""
+    return "%s A%s I%s Off%s ?%s %s" % (
+        day["day"][5:],
+        _duration(day["active_seconds"]), _duration(day["idle_seconds"]),
+        _duration(day["powered_off_seconds"]), _duration(day["unknown_seconds"]),
+        _temperature_triplet(
+            day["temperature_min"], day["temperature_avg"], day["temperature_max"]),
+    )
+
+
+def _live_temperature_line(live: tuple[Dict[str, Any], ...]) -> str:
+    """Interval count and interval-end temperature range for the live window."""
+    temps = [p["temperature_c"] for p in live if p.get("temperature_c") is not None]
+    line = "%d intervals" % len(live)
+    if temps:
+        line = "%d intervals · %s" % (len(live), _temperature_triplet(
+            min(temps), sum(temps) / len(temps), max(temps)))
+    warned = sum(1 for p in live if p.get("critical_warning"))
+    if warned:
+        line += " · %d with critical warning" % warned
+    return line
+
+
+def diagnostics_text(activity: ActivityReadout) -> str:
+    """Dense Diagnostics panel text for the readout's selection."""
+    diag = activity.diagnostics
+    if diag is None:
+        return "Diagnostics unavailable"
+    warning = diag["critical_warning"]
+    lines = [
+        "[bold]Diagnostics[/bold] · %s" % diag["window_label"],
+        "Critical warning " + (
+            "0x%02x · %s" % (warning, ", ".join(diag["critical_warning_flags"]))
+            if warning else "none"),
+    ]
+    for key, label, unit in DIAGNOSTIC_COUNTERS:
+        counter = diag["counters"][key]
+        if counter["value"] is None:
+            lines.append("%s n/a" % label)
+            continue
+        delta = "Δ n/a" if counter["delta"] is None else "Δ " + _signed(counter["delta"])
+        lines.append("%s %d%s %s" % (label, counter["value"], unit, delta))
+    if activity.view == "live":
+        lines += ["", _live_temperature_line(activity.live)]
+    elif activity.view == "day":
+        lines += ["", "Hours · temp min/avg/max · A active I idle Off off ? unknown · coverage"]
+        lines += [_hour_diagnostic_line(hour) for hour in activity.hours]
+    else:
+        lines += ["", "Days · A active I idle Off off ? unknown · temp min/avg/max"]
+        lines += [_day_diagnostic_line(day) for day in diag["days"]]
+    return "\n".join(lines)

src/fenris/activity_selection.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class ActivitySelection:
         self.selected_history_hour: str | None = None
         self.history_range_days = HISTORY_RANGE_DEFAULT
         self.measure = "written"
+        self.diagnostics = False
         self.following_live = True
         self.selected_live_interval: IntervalIdentity | None = None
         self.live_interval_expired = False
@@ -74,6 +75,11 @@ class ActivitySelection:
         self.measure = "read" if self.measure == "written" else "written"
         return self.measure
 
+    def toggle_diagnostics(self) -> bool:
+        """Show or hide the Diagnostics panel and read-beside-write bars."""
+        self.diagnostics = not self.diagnostics
+        return self.diagnostics
+
     def follow_live(self) -> None:
         """Resume following the newest interval and clear stale-pin notices."""
         self.view = "live"

src/fenris/themes.py

@@ -161,14 +161,15 @@ def get_theme(name: str) -> Theme:
 def get_graph_colors(theme_name: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
     """Return the graph colour roles for a theme preset.
 
-    Returns a dict with keys: allocated, unallocated, gap, zero, partial,
+    Returns a dict with keys: allocated, unallocated, secondary (the second
-    selection and muted text. Falls back to Chalktone for unknown names.
+    series), gap, zero, partial, selection and muted text. Falls back to Chalktone for unknown names.
     """
     theme = get_theme(theme_name)
     variables = theme.variables or {}
     return {
         "allocated": variables.get("graph-allocated", "#d4a017"),
         "unallocated": variables.get("graph-unallocated", "#8b6914"),
+        "secondary": variables.get("graph-unallocated", "#8b6914"),
         "gap": variables.get("graph-gap", "#554422"),
         "zero": variables.get("graph-zero", "#665533"),
         "partial": variables.get("graph-partial", "#aa8822"),

src/fenris/tui.py

@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ from textual.widgets import Input, Static, Tab, Tabs
 
 from .activity_readout import (
     LIVE_WINDOW_H,
+    critical_warning_badge,
     day_readout_text,
+    diagnostics_text,
     hour_readout_text,
     interval_readout_text,
     local_day_text,
@@ -460,19 +462,19 @@ class HistoryGraph(Widget):
             )
         self.query_one("#bar-range").update(label)
 
-    def _render_bars(self) -> None:
+    def _day_points(self, measure: str) -> list[VolumePoint]:
         points = []
         for index, day in enumerate(self._day_data):
             if "activity_state" in day:
-                volume = day.get("total_read") if self.measure == "read" else day.get("total_bytes")
+                volume = day.get("total_read") if measure == "read" else day.get("total_bytes")
                 unallocated = day.get(
-                    "shared_bytes_read" if self.measure == "read" else "shared_bytes_written",
+                    "shared_bytes_read" if measure == "read" else "shared_bytes_written",
                     0,
                 )
             else:
-                volume = day.get("total_read", 0) if self.measure == "read" else day.get("total_bytes", 0)
+                volume = day.get("total_read", 0) if measure == "read" else day.get("total_bytes", 0)
                 unallocated = day.get(
-                    "unallocated_read" if self.measure == "read" else "unallocated_bytes",
+                    "unallocated_read" if measure == "read" else "unallocated_bytes",
                     0,
                 )
             state = "unallocated" if unallocated else "gap" if day.get("is_gap") else (
@@ -480,19 +482,35 @@ class HistoryGraph(Widget):
             )
             points.append(VolumePoint(index, None if state == "gap" else volume,
                                       day.get("day", "")[5:], state))
-        self._plot(points, self.selected_index)
+        return points
 
-    def _plot(self, points: list[VolumePoint], selected: int) -> None:
+    def _render_bars(self) -> None:
+        self._plot(
+            self._day_points(self.measure), self.selected_index,
+            self._day_points("written" if self.measure == "read" else "read"),
+        )
+
+    def _plot(
+        self, points: list[VolumePoint], selected: int,
+        other: list[VolumePoint] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Draw *points*; with Diagnostics on, *other* is drawn beside them."""
+        both = self.selection.diagnostics and other is not None
         target = self.query_one("#bar-render")
         colors = get_graph_colors(getattr(self.app, "_current_theme_name", "chalktone"))
         chart, self._point_columns, unit = volume_plot(
             points, target.content_size.width or 40, target.content_size.height or 8,
-            selected, colors,
+            selected, colors, other if both else None,
         )
         target.update(chart)
+        names = ("Reads", "Writes") if self.measure == "read" else ("Writes", "Reads")
+        series = (
+            "[%s]%s[/] · [%s]%s[/]" % (
+                colors["allocated"], names[0], colors["secondary"], names[1])
+            if both else names[0]
+        )
         self.query_one("#bar-legend").update(
-            ("Reads" if self.measure == "read" else "Writes")
+            series + " (%s) · ? Gap · · Zero · ~ Partial · u Unalloc" % unit
-            + " (%s) · ? Gap · · Zero · ~ Partial · u Unalloc" % unit
         )
 
     def _render_readout(self) -> None:
@@ -530,15 +548,21 @@ class HistoryGraph(Widget):
             self._show_constrained_hourly_summary()
             return
 
+        def hour_points(measure: str) -> list[VolumePoint]:
             points = []
             for index, hour in enumerate(self._hour_data):
                 state = "future" if hour.get("is_future") else (
                     "gap" if hour.get("is_gap") else "partial" if hour.get("is_partial") else "measured"
                 )
-            volume = hour.get("bytes_read" if self.measure == "read" else "bytes_written", 0)
+                volume = hour.get("bytes_read" if measure == "read" else "bytes_written", 0)
                 points.append(VolumePoint(index, None if state in ("future", "gap") else volume,
                                           hour.get("local_label", ""), state))
-        self._plot(points, self._hourly_selected)
+            return points
+
+        self._plot(
+            hour_points(self.measure), self._hourly_selected,
+            hour_points("written" if self.measure == "read" else "read"),
+        )
 
         self._render_hourly_readout()
 
@@ -1241,6 +1265,7 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
         border-title-color: $accent;
     }
     #activity-panel { row-span: 2; height: 100%; }
+    #diagnostics-panel { display: none; }
     #headline-band, #drive-health { height: auto; }
     #activity-tabs { height: 1; margin: 0; }
     #activity-tabs Underline { display: none; }
@@ -1267,6 +1292,7 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
         height: auto; min-height: 0;
     }
     #main-grid.constrained #endurance-panel { max-height: 16; }
+    #main-grid.constrained #diagnostics-panel { max-height: 20; }
     #main-grid.constrained.zoomed .zoom-target { height: 24; }
     #confirm-text, #disc-text, #help-text { padding: 1 2; }
     """
@@ -1277,6 +1303,7 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
         Binding("c", "collect", "Collect"),
         Binding("b", "baseline", "Rated TBW"),
         Binding("d", "disclose", "Disclosures"),
+        Binding("i", "toggle_diagnostics", "Diagnostics"),
         Binding("z", "toggle_zoom", "Zoom"),
         Binding("escape", "exit_zoom", "Restore zoom", show=False),
         Binding("v", "next_view", "View"),
@@ -1324,6 +1351,7 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
         self._is_constrained_mode = False
 
         self._zoomed_panel: Optional[str] = None
+        self._outlook_badge = ""
 
     @property
     def _browse_date(self) -> Optional[str]:
@@ -1367,6 +1395,8 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
                     )
                 with VerticalScroll(id="drive-panel", classes="dashboard-pane"):
                     yield Static("", id="drive-health")
+                with VerticalScroll(id="diagnostics-panel", classes="dashboard-pane"):
+                    yield Static("", id="diagnostics")
         with VerticalScroll(id="status-area"):
             yield Static("", id="service-strip")
         yield Static("", id="action-rail")
@@ -1376,6 +1406,7 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
         self.query_one("#endurance-panel").border_title = "Endurance outlook"
         self.query_one("#activity-panel").border_title = "Drive activity"
         self.query_one("#drive-panel").border_title = "Drive"
+        self.query_one("#diagnostics-panel").border_title = "Diagnostics"
         self.query_one("#live-activity").border_title = "Live activity"
         # Tab visits panels only: scroll hosts and the view tabs stay out of the order.
         for selector in ("#dashboard-scroll", "#status-area", "#activity-tabs"):
@@ -1494,6 +1525,8 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
         self._refresh()
 
     def _render_headline(self, body: str = "") -> None:
+        if self._outlook_badge:
+            body = self._outlook_badge + "\n" + body
         self.query_one("#identity").update(_IDENTITY_FULL if _can_render_wolf(self.size.width) else _IDENTITY_FALLBACK)
         self.query_one("#auth-notice").display = self._show_auth_notice
         self.query_one("#headline-band").update(body)
@@ -1535,6 +1568,8 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
 
     def _render_empty_or_fault(self, comp: StatusComposition) -> None:
         """Render empty history or the shared store-fault classification."""
+        self._outlook_badge = ""
+        self.query_one("#diagnostics").update("Diagnostics unavailable: no observations to read")
         self._show_baseline_banner(not (comp.newer_schema or comp.store_fault))
         if comp.newer_schema or comp.store_fault:
             message = comp.explanation[:1].upper() + comp.explanation[1:]
@@ -1571,6 +1606,8 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
 
     def _render_all_regions(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection, comp: StatusComposition) -> None:
         """Render all four regions from live store data."""
+        activity = readout(conn, self._activity_selection, self._clock_now)
+        self._outlook_badge = critical_warning_badge(activity.health)
         # --- Headline band (§7.2) ---
         if comp.sample_count == 0 and comp.day_count == 0:
             self._show_baseline_banner(
@@ -1596,7 +1633,6 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
                 self._render_headline("[bold]No projection available[/bold]")
 
         # --- Activity panel: live and historical volume plots ---
-        activity = readout(conn, self._activity_selection, self._clock_now)
         graph = self.query_one("#usage-history")
         graph.set_data(
             list(activity.days), on_drill=self._on_graph_drill,
@@ -1627,6 +1663,7 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
             health["written_tb"],
         )
         self.query_one("#drive-health").update(health_text)
+        self.query_one("#diagnostics").update(diagnostics_text(activity))
 
         # --- Live activity graph (issue #91) ---
         self.query_one("#live-activity").set_data(list(activity.live))
@@ -1694,6 +1731,7 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
             activity = readout(conn, self._activity_selection, self._clock_now)
             graph.set_hour_data(list(activity.hours))
             self._render_local_day(activity.local_date, activity.local_day)
+            self.query_one("#diagnostics").update(diagnostics_text(activity))
 
     def _format_headline(self, proj: ProjectionResult) -> str:
         """Format the lifespan headline (spec §6.11)."""
@@ -1884,6 +1922,18 @@ class FenrisTuiApp(App):
         """Show disclosures (spec §6.11, CI-4)."""
         self.push_screen(DisclosuresScreen())
 
+    def action_toggle_diagnostics(self) -> None:
+        """Swap the Drive pane for the Diagnostics panel and back."""
+        self.action_exit_zoom()
+        showing = self._activity_selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        self.query_one("#diagnostics-panel").display = showing
+        self.query_one("#drive-panel").display = not showing
+        hidden = self.query_one("#drive-panel" if showing else "#diagnostics-panel")
+        if self.focused is None or hidden in self.focused.ancestors_with_self:
+            self.query_one("#live-activity" if self._activity_view == "live" else "#usage-history").focus(
+                scroll_visible=not self._is_constrained_mode)
+        self._refresh()
+
     def action_help(self) -> None:
         """Show keyboard controls and sudo guidance."""
         self.push_screen(HelpScreen())

tests/test_activity_plot.py

@@ -50,3 +50,25 @@ def test_many_intervals_and_selection_fit_small_plot_without_losing_points():
     assert len(columns) == len(points)
     assert text.plain.splitlines()[-2][columns[100]] == "▼"
     assert all(len(row) == 32 for row in text.plain.splitlines())
+
+
+def test_secondary_series_shares_the_axis_and_colours_its_own_dots():
+    colors = get_graph_colors("chalktone")
+    writes = [VolumePoint(t, v, str(t)) for t, v in ((0, 10), (1, 10), (2, 10))]
+    reads = [VolumePoint(t, v, str(t)) for t, v in ((0, 100), (1, 100), (2, 100))]
+    text, columns, unit = volume_plot(
+        writes, 48, 10, -1, colors, secondary=reads)
+    assert "100.00" in text.plain  # the larger read volume sets the ceiling
+    styles = {span.style for span in text.spans}
+    assert colors["allocated"] in styles and colors["secondary"] in styles
+
+
+def test_secondary_gap_does_not_draw_or_connect():
+    colors = get_graph_colors("chalktone")
+    points = [VolumePoint(t, 5, str(t)) for t in range(3)]
+    reads = [VolumePoint(0, 9, "0"), VolumePoint(1, None, "1", "gap"),
+             VolumePoint(2, 9, "2")]
+    text, columns, _ = volume_plot(points, 48, 10, -1, colors, secondary=reads)
+    rows = text.plain.splitlines()[:-2]
+    top = next(r for r in rows if any(0x2801 <= ord(c) <= 0x28ff for c in r))
+    assert all(c == " " for c in top[columns[0] + 1:columns[-1]])

tests/test_activity_readout.py

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ import pytest
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent / "src"))
 
 from fenris.activity_readout import (
+    critical_warning_badge,
+    decode_critical_warning,
+    diagnostics_text,
     day_readout_text,
     hour_readout_text,
     local_day_text,
@@ -76,13 +79,13 @@ def _kolkata_day(conn, local_date, **kwargs):
 
 
 def _hour(conn, hour, written=0, read=0, active=0, idle=0, off=0, unknown=0,
-          samples=1, coverage=1.0, tmin=None, tmax=None):
+          samples=1, coverage=1.0, tmin=None, tmax=None, tavg=None):
     conn.execute(
         "INSERT INTO hour_observations (hour, active_seconds, idle_seconds, "
         "powered_off_seconds, unknown_seconds, bytes_written_delta, "
-        "bytes_read_delta, temperature_min, temperature_max, sample_count, "
+        "bytes_read_delta, temperature_min, temperature_max, temperature_avg, "
-        "coverage) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)",
+        "sample_count, coverage) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)",
-        (hour, active, idle, off, unknown, written, read, tmin, tmax,
+        (hour, active, idle, off, unknown, written, read, tmin, tmax, tavg,
          samples, coverage),
     )
     conn.commit()
@@ -300,3 +303,182 @@ class TestTimeFormatting:
         b = datetime(2026, 9, 30, 19, 33, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
         assert utc_range_label(a, b) == "19:30 → 19:33 UTC"
         assert utc_stamp_label(a) == "2026-09-30 19:30 UTC"
+
+
+def _counters(conn, ts, poh, cycles, unsafe, media, spare, critical=0):
+    conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO samples (ts, device, data_units_written, data_units_read, "
+        "percentage_used, bytes_written, bytes_read, power_on_hours, "
+        "power_cycles, unsafe_shutdowns, media_errors, available_spare, "
+        "segment_id, temperature_c, critical_warning) "
+        "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)",
+        (ts, "/dev/nvme0n1", 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, poh, cycles, unsafe, media, spare,
+         1, 35, critical),
+    )
+    conn.commit()
+
+
+class TestCriticalWarning:
+    def test_zero_decodes_to_nothing_and_each_bit_to_its_meaning(self):
+        assert decode_critical_warning(0) == ()
+        assert decode_critical_warning(None) == ()
+        assert decode_critical_warning(0x01) == ("available spare below threshold",)
+        assert decode_critical_warning(0x05) == (
+            "available spare below threshold", "reliability degraded",
+        )
+        assert "temperature outside threshold" in decode_critical_warning(0x02)
+        assert "media in read-only mode" in decode_critical_warning(0x08)
+        assert "volatile memory backup failed" in decode_critical_warning(0x10)
+        assert "persistent memory region read-only" in decode_critical_warning(0x20)
+        assert decode_critical_warning(0x40) == ("unrecognised bits 0x40",)
+
+    def test_health_carries_latest_critical_warning_and_badge_follows_it(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T19:00:00+00:00", 10, 1, 0, 0, 100, critical=0)
+        assert critical_warning_badge(
+            readout(conn, ActivitySelection(), NOW).health) == ""
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T19:30:00+00:00", 11, 1, 0, 0, 100, critical=0x04)
+        health = readout(conn, ActivitySelection(), NOW).health
+        assert health["critical_warning"] == 0x04
+        badge = critical_warning_badge(health)
+        assert "0x04" in badge and "reliability degraded" in badge
+
+    def test_no_samples_means_no_badge(self, conn, kolkata):
+        assert critical_warning_badge(
+            readout(conn, ActivitySelection(), NOW).health) == ""
+
+
+class TestDiagnosticsReadout:
+    def test_diagnostics_are_absent_until_selected(self, conn, kolkata):
+        assert readout(conn, ActivitySelection(), NOW).diagnostics is None
+        selection = ActivitySelection()
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        assert selection.diagnostics
+        assert readout(conn, selection, NOW).diagnostics is not None
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        assert not selection.diagnostics
+
+    def test_live_counters_have_deltas_over_the_live_window(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T16:00:00+00:00", 90, 5, 1, 0, 100)  # before window
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T18:00:00+00:00", 100, 6, 1, 0, 100)
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T19:50:00+00:00", 103, 8, 3, 2, 98, critical=0x02)
+        selection = ActivitySelection()
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        diag = readout(conn, selection, NOW).diagnostics
+        assert diag["window_label"] == "last 3h"
+        assert diag["critical_warning"] == 0x02
+        assert diag["critical_warning_flags"] == ("temperature outside threshold",)
+        counters = diag["counters"]
+        assert counters["power_on_hours"] == {"value": 103, "delta": 13}
+        assert counters["power_cycles"] == {"value": 8, "delta": 3}
+        assert counters["unsafe_shutdowns"] == {"value": 3, "delta": 2}
+        assert counters["media_errors"] == {"value": 2, "delta": 2}
+        assert counters["available_spare"] == {"value": 98, "delta": -2}
+
+    def test_no_delta_across_a_controller_segment_change(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T18:00:00+00:00", 100, 6, 1, 0, 100)
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T19:50:00+00:00", 5, 1, 0, 0, 100)
+        conn.execute("UPDATE samples SET segment_id = 2 WHERE ts > '2026-09-30T19'")
+        conn.commit()
+        selection = ActivitySelection()
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        counters = readout(conn, selection, NOW).diagnostics["counters"]
+        assert counters["power_on_hours"] == {"value": 5, "delta": None}
+
+    def test_single_sample_has_no_delta(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T19:50:00+00:00", 103, 8, 3, 2, 98)
+        selection = ActivitySelection()
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        counters = readout(conn, selection, NOW).diagnostics["counters"]
+        assert counters["power_on_hours"] == {"value": 103, "delta": None}
+
+    def test_day_selection_measures_deltas_across_that_local_day(self, conn, kolkata):
+        selection = TestHours()._selected_day(conn)
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-28T18:00:00+00:00", 50, 2, 0, 0, 100)
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-29T06:00:00+00:00", 56, 2, 1, 0, 100)
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-29T20:00:00+00:00", 99, 9, 9, 9, 50)  # after the day
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        diag = readout(conn, selection, NOW).diagnostics
+        assert diag["window_label"] == "day 2026-09-29"
+        assert diag["counters"]["power_on_hours"] == {"value": 56, "delta": 6}
+        assert diag["counters"]["unsafe_shutdowns"]["delta"] == 1
+
+    def test_hours_carry_temperature_average(self, conn, kolkata):
+        selection = TestHours()._selected_day(conn)
+        _hour(conn, "2026-09-29T00:00:00+00:00", active=1800, idle=1800,
+              tmin=31, tavg=36.5, tmax=44)
+        hour = next(h for h in readout(conn, selection, NOW).hours
+                    if h["hour"] == "2026-09-29T00:00:00+00:00")
+        assert (hour["temperature_min"], hour["temperature_avg"],
+                hour["temperature_max"]) == (31, 36.5, 44)
+
+    def test_history_days_carry_split_and_temperature_range(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _kolkata_day(conn, "2026-09-29")
+        _hour(conn, "2026-09-29T00:00:00+00:00", active=1800, idle=1200, off=600,
+              tmin=30, tavg=34.0, tmax=40)
+        _hour(conn, "2026-09-29T01:00:00+00:00", active=0, idle=3000, unknown=600,
+              tmin=28, tavg=30.0, tmax=33)
+        selection = ActivitySelection()
+        selection.set_view("history")
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        days = {d["day"]: d for d in readout(conn, selection, NOW).diagnostics["days"]}
+        day = days["2026-09-29"]
+        assert (day["active_seconds"], day["idle_seconds"],
+                day["powered_off_seconds"], day["unknown_seconds"]) == (1800, 4200, 600, 600)
+        assert (day["temperature_min"], day["temperature_max"]) == (28, 40)
+        assert day["temperature_avg"] == pytest.approx(32.0)
+        assert "2026-09-30" not in days  # no evidence, no invented split
+
+
+class TestDiagnosticsText:
+    def _diag(self, conn, selection):
+        selection.toggle_diagnostics()
+        return readout(conn, selection, NOW)
+
+    def test_panel_shows_decoded_warning_counters_and_deltas(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T18:00:00+00:00", 100, 6, 1, 0, 100)
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T19:50:00+00:00", 103, 8, 3, 2, 98, critical=0x05)
+        text = diagnostics_text(self._diag(conn, ActivitySelection()))
+        assert "last 3h" in text
+        assert "0x05" in text and "reliability degraded" in text
+        assert "Power-on hours" in text and "103" in text and "+3" in text
+        assert "Unsafe shutdowns" in text and "+2" in text
+        assert "Available spare" in text and "98%" in text and "-2" in text
+
+    def test_no_warning_says_none_and_missing_delta_says_so(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _counters(conn, "2026-09-30T19:50:00+00:00", 103, 8, 3, 2, 98)
+        text = diagnostics_text(self._diag(conn, ActivitySelection()))
+        assert "Critical warning none" in text
+        assert "Δ n/a" in text
+
+    def test_day_view_lists_each_hour_with_temperature_split_and_coverage(self, conn, kolkata):
+        selection = TestHours()._selected_day(conn)
+        _hour(conn, "2026-09-29T00:00:00+00:00", active=1800, idle=1200, off=300,
+              unknown=300, tmin=31, tavg=36.4, tmax=44, coverage=0.75)
+        text = diagnostics_text(self._diag(conn, selection))
+        row = next(line for line in text.splitlines() if line.startswith("05:30"))
+        assert "31/36/44°C" in row
+        assert "A30m I20m Off5m ?5m" in row
+        assert "75%" in row
+        assert any("gap" in line for line in text.splitlines()
+                   if line.startswith("06:30"))
+
+    def test_history_view_lists_each_day_with_split_and_temperature(self, conn, kolkata):
+        _kolkata_day(conn, "2026-09-29")
+        _hour(conn, "2026-09-29T00:00:00+00:00", active=7200, idle=3600, off=0,
+              tmin=30, tavg=34.0, tmax=40)
+        selection = ActivitySelection()
+        selection.set_view("history")
+        text = diagnostics_text(self._diag(conn, selection))
+        row = next(line for line in text.splitlines() if line.startswith("09-29"))
+        assert "A2h 00m" in row and "I1h 00m" in row and "30/34/40°C" in row
+
+    def test_live_view_summarises_interval_temperature(self, conn, kolkata):
+        for index, (minute, temp) in enumerate(((0, 30), (3, 36), (6, 42))):
+            conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO samples (ts, device, bytes_written, bytes_read, "
+                "segment_id, temperature_c) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)",
+                ("2026-09-30T19:%02d:00+00:00" % (50 + minute), "/dev/n", index, index, 1, temp),
+            )
+        conn.commit()
+        text = diagnostics_text(self._diag(conn, ActivitySelection()))
+        assert "36/39/42°C" in text and "2 intervals" in text  # interval ends

tests/test_tui_diagnostics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""Diagnostics panel on the dashboard (issue #109): toggle, render, badge."""
+import sqlite3
+
+import pytest
+from test_dashboard_design import dashboard, visible  # noqa: F401  (fixtures)
+
+from fenris.activity_plot import VolumePoint
+from fenris.tui import FenrisTuiApp, HelpScreen, HistoryGraph
+
+
+def _store(app):
+    return sqlite3.connect(app.store_path)
+
+
+def _set_latest_warning(app, value):
+    conn = _store(app)
+    conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE samples SET critical_warning = ?, power_on_hours = id, "
+        "unsafe_shutdowns = id / 20 WHERE 1", (value,))
+    conn.commit()
+    conn.close()
+
+
+async def _settle(app, pilot):
+    app.on_refresh_tick()
+    await pilot.pause()
+
+
+def _text(app, selector):
+    return str(app.query_one(selector).render())
+
+
+def test_i_is_a_declared_binding_and_d_stays_disclosures():
+    keys = {b.key: b.action for b in FenrisTuiApp.BINDINGS}
+    assert keys["i"] == "toggle_diagnostics"
+    assert keys["d"] == "disclose"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [(140, 44), (100, 30)])
+async def test_i_toggles_the_diagnostics_panel_and_hides_the_drive_pane(dashboard, size):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    _set_latest_warning(app, 0)
+    async with app.run_test(size=size) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert not app.query_one("#diagnostics-panel").display
+        assert app.query_one("#drive-panel").display
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert app.query_one("#diagnostics-panel").display
+        assert not app.query_one("#drive-panel").display
+        body = _text(app, "#diagnostics")
+        assert "Diagnostics" in body and "Critical warning none" in body
+        assert "Power-on hours 61 Δ +60" in body
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert not app.query_one("#diagnostics-panel").display
+        assert app.query_one("#drive-panel").display
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_footer_and_help_list_the_diagnostics_key(dashboard):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    async with app.run_test(size=(140, 40)) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert "i Diagnostics" in _text(app, "#action-rail")
+        await pilot.press("?")
+        assert isinstance(app.screen, HelpScreen)
+        assert "Diagnostics" in str(app.screen.query_one("#help-text").render())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_diagnostics_follow_the_activity_view(dashboard):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    async with app.run_test(size=(140, 44)) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert "last 3h" in _text(app, "#diagnostics")
+        await pilot.press("v")  # Day
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        body = _text(app, "#diagnostics")
+        assert "· day 20" in body and "Hours ·" in body
+        await pilot.press("v")  # History
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert "last 14 days" in _text(app, "#diagnostics")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_critical_warning_badge_shows_in_the_outlook_without_the_panel(dashboard):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    _set_latest_warning(app, 0x04)
+    async with app.run_test(size=(140, 44)) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert not app.query_one("#diagnostics-panel").display
+        band = _text(app, "#headline-band")
+        assert "0x04" in band and "reliability degraded" in band
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_no_badge_when_the_drive_reports_no_warning(dashboard):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    _set_latest_warning(app, 0)
+    async with app.run_test(size=(140, 44)) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert "critical warning" not in _text(app, "#headline-band").lower()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_diagnostics_work_in_constrained_mode(dashboard):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    _set_latest_warning(app, 0x01)
+    async with app.run_test(size=(60, 20)) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert app._is_constrained_mode
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert app.query_one("#diagnostics-panel").display
+        body = _text(app, "#diagnostics")
+        assert "available spare below threshold" in body
+        assert "Power-on hours" in body
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert app.query_one("#drive-panel").display
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_toggling_while_zoomed_restores_the_grid_and_keeps_focus(dashboard):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    async with app.run_test(size=(140, 44)) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        await pilot.press("z")
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert app._zoomed_panel is None
+        assert app.focused is not None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_history_bars_draw_reads_alongside_writes_only_with_diagnostics(dashboard):  # noqa: F811
+    app = dashboard
+    async with app.run_test(size=(140, 44)) as pilot:
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        await pilot.press("v", "v")  # History
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        graph = app.query_one(HistoryGraph)
+        assert "Reads" not in _text(app, "#bar-legend")
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        legend = _text(app, "#bar-legend")
+        assert "Writes" in legend and "Reads" in legend
+        await pilot.press("i")
+        await _settle(app, pilot)
+        assert "Reads" not in _text(app, "#bar-legend")